There are two functions to multiply a number by a Power in Google Sheets. They are Power() and Pow(). Other than these two functions there is the Caret ^ Symbol that does the same thing.
While the Power() is categorized as a Math function in Google Sheets the Pow() is categorized under Operator.
Let me explain to you how to multiply a number by a Power in Google Sheets using the functions and the symbol.
How to Multiply a Number by a Power in Google Sheets
Use the Power, Pow functions or the Caret to return a base number raised to an exponent power.
When you are multiplying a number by a Power, what you are really doing is multiplying that number (base) by itself a number of times equal to the power (exponent).
Multiply a Number by a Power Using the Power() Function
Syntax:
POWER(base, exponent)
Example to the Usage of Power Function in Google Sheets:
=POWER(10,3)
The result would be 1000 which is equal to;
=10*10*10
Multiply a Number by a Power Using the Pow() Function
You can replicate the same example using the Pow() function in Google Sheets. Actually, both Power and Pow are the same.
As far as I know, there is only the Power() function in Excel. But I am unsure about the availability in the latest iteration of Excel.
Syntax:
POW(base, exponent)
Example to the Usage of Pow Function in Google Sheets:
=POW(10,3)
Multiply a Number by a Power Using the Caret
This works both in Excel and Google Sheets. You can raise a number to a power using ^ as below.
=10^3
The above are the 3 options to multiply a number by a Power in Google Sheets.
Points to be Noted:
The above two functions and the Caret work in an Array too. See the example below where the ArrayFormula also got invloved.
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The next point is about the negative numbers as the base in Power.
If the base is negative the exponent must be integer only. Otherwise, the formula would return the #NUM! error saying “POWER evaluates to an imaginary number”

Fun Tip on the use of Power, Pow or the ^ in Other Formulas
I normally use the caret in Query header, Array_Constrain as well as in the SORTN functions when I want the formula to return all the rows.
Sometimes, it may not be possible to specify the number of rows to be returned by a Formula after processing the source. In such cases, we can virtually say “All” using the Power function. Here is one such example.
Caret in SORTN:
In the below example, I have used the SORTN to return sorted ‘n’ unique values.
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Since I am unsure about the ‘n’ after unique, I have used the Caret.
Note: In the above example the number 2 immediately after the power is the Tie mode.
Must Read: SORTN Tie Modes in Google Sheets – The Four Tiebreakers.
See the use of Power in Query – The Flexible Array Formula to Join Columns in Google Sheets.